Parasites and IBS

Naturopath Emma Lane spoke alongside other internationally-recognised experts at the CAM Summit this summer. The one-day conference saw Emma talk about her favourite topic – parasites.

The talk, Parasites Uncovered, was written to help practitioners understand some of the detrimental physical, mental and emotional effects that some parasites can create. During the session Emma Lane presented the latest research and theories that show how these pathogens can drive the common illnesses and diseases that practitioners face in their everyday practice. Amongst a number of illnesses Emma discussed the link between parasites and IBS – a common and often misdiagnosed problem.

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Undiagnosed problem

Parasites are insidious because generally people are not aware of them and there is a misconception amongst doctors and the general public alike that parasites occur only in third world countries.

Additionally often doctors do not suspect and therefore do not recognise the symptoms of parasites. Inadequate testing procedures can often result in either an incorrect diagnosis or the infestation going undiagnosed.

The pathogenesis of parasites

Many parasites have the capacity to cause disease and may affect their hosts in various ways. These include:

 

•    Altered metabolism

•    Physiology

•    Anatomy

•    Reproductive success

•    Behavioural changes

The pathology of a parasite infection can run the gamut from very mild to lethal. Frequently, the same immune mechanisms that are intended to protect us cause the symptoms observed during a parasitic infection.  Pathology from the parasitic infection can be categorised as one of several general types:

o    Interference with host nutrient acquisition

o    Parasite-induced trauma to cells, tissues and organs

o    Changes in host cell growth patterns

o    Effects on host behaviour

o    The host immune response to infection

And of course, many parasites induce pathology in more than one way.

Wellbeing factors

Many contributing factors affect the chances of picking up a parasite and also impact on the effects it can take on the body. These include:

o    Poor or low wellbeing

o    Poor lifestyle choices

o    Inadequate or excessive poor nutrition

o    Poor digestion

o    Chronic stress

o    Immune insufficiency

o    International travel

o    Medication use

o    Influx of immigrants from endemic areas / armed force personnel

o    Poor farming practices

o    Poor personal hygiene

o    Contamination of municipal water

o    Poor vitality and health of pets

o    Sex

Parasites and IBS

In 2013 the British Journal of Medical Practitioners showed that the prevalence of IBS is estimated in the UK to be 17% overall, with a prevalence of 11% among men and 23% among women.

It also showed that 33 to 90% of patients do not consult a physician and that a large proportion of patients who meet the IBS criteria are not diagnosed with IBS.

IBS is characterised by chronic abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating, and alteration of bowel habits in the absence of any known organic cause.

The question is, is it IBS or parasites?

Parasites or IBS?

Research suggests that parasitic organisms act as etiologic agents of gut inflammation and dysfunction. One study found blastocystis hominis to be present four times more frequently in IBS patients compared with control subjects. In addition, 80% of patients’ IBS symptoms were resolved when B. hominis was treated.

Other parasites identified by stool analysis that have been isolated from patients with clinical symptomology include Dientamoeba fragilis, Entamoeba spp, Endolimax nana, and Giardia lamblia.

Blastocystis Hominis

o    Over 50% of IBS patients have B.hominis (ref 1, 2)

o    B.hominis is the most prevalent parasite found in IBS-related studies (ref 3, 4, 5)

o    The symptoms of B.hominis, D.fragilis and IBS are identical (ref 6)

o    Both B.hominis and D.fragilis, or either parasite are found in up to 30% of people suffering from irritable bowel (ref 7, 8)

o    D.fragilis is known to cause IBS-like symptoms (ref 9)

Many people infected with Blastocystis Hominis have no symptoms at all. The organism can be found in both well and sick people. (ref 10) Where symptoms are present they include:

o    Abdominal pain

o    Diarrhoea

o    Constipation

o    Gas

o    Upset stomach or nausea

o    Patients also report dizziness and fatigue, skin rashes, and joint pain, vomiting, fever, sleeplessness

When Blastocystis Hominis exists with other pathogens, it has been implicated in severe chronic conditions e.g. IBS, chronic fatigue and different forms of arthritis. (ref 11, 12, 13, 8)

Research on the clinical significance of Blastocystis hominis that appeared in the Journal of Clinical Microbiology examined 19,252 stool specimens from 12,136 patients. (ref 5)

A total of 3,070 intestinal parasites were seen in 2,889 patients. Blastocystis hominis was found in faecal material from 647 patients.

o    A total of 132 cases were observed to be in association with other enteric pathogens

o    239 patients had symptoms, the most common being abdominal pain (87.9%), constipation (32.2%), diarrhoea (23.4%), alternating diarrhoea and constipation (14.5%), vomiting (12.5%), and fatigue (10.5%).

There have been several other studies which have shown the high number of Blastocystis-positive individuals in the IBS group compared to the control group with rates of 76%, 71%, and 49% with less than 20% in the control groups. (ref 3)

Gut Pathogens

Blastocystis and/or Dientamoeba are found in up to 30% of people suffering from irritable bowel. (ref 7, 8)

D. fragilis is known to cause IBS-like symptoms and has the propensity to cause chronic infections, but its diagnosis relies on microscopy of stained smears, which many laboratories do not perform, thereby leading to the misdiagnosis of Dientamoebiasis as IBS. (ref 9) Parasite Testing Inc. does carry out microscopy of stained smears an dis able to correctly diagnose D. fragilis.

I believe if Blastocystis and D.fragilis were correctly diagnosed around 50% of the IBS market would disappear.

Conclusions

Being mindful of symptoms that can relate to a parasite infection is vital to identifying what is behind a person’s health challenges. Awareness of parasites and common symptoms is the first step, but there are many common symptoms that can be misinterpreted.

Testing with a reliable and specialist laboratory to confirm or rule out parasites as a causative factor is essential.

The Parasitology Centre Inc. (PCI) is the most renowned and respected parasitology lab in the world.

PCI performs one of the most accurate, comprehensive stool analyses available and detects other non-parasitic structures that represent bio-indicators to physiological or pathological conditions.

Without testing, you are likely to miss vital pieces of information that can be contributing to the patients’ health and wellbeing challenges. Health practitioners can access these clinical tests via Parasite Testing Europe.

Don’t miss the chance to study with Emma Lane this year…only UK date and one USA date in 2016.

The World of Fungus, Parasites and Bacteria Level 1.

8th & 9th October – California

12th & 13th November – London

Study the many signs, symptoms and effects of common parasites and fungus. Learn Emma Lane’s unique approaches to effectively eradicating parasite and fungal infections, when and how to test and how to interpret the PCI Inc. test results.

The two-day course will explore how parasites and fungus can wreak havoc in the human body.

•    Recognise parasite signs and symptoms, growth cycles, how they are contracted and eradication options;

•    Learn how to deal with parasitic and fungal pathogenic infections and imbalances;

•    Learn how to restore wellbeing when parasite infections are diagnosed.

“Highly recommended for anyone in the health industry who’s serious about coaching his or her clients to health and wellness. You won’t be disappointed!” C.B.

BANT – 15 hours CPD.

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References

1 Yakoob J, Jafri W, Jafri N, et al. Irritable bowel syndrome: in search of an etiology: role of Blastocystis hominis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004 Apr;70(4):383-5. PMID: 15100450  [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

2 Yakoob J, Jafri W, Jafri N, Islam M, and Asim Beg M. In vitro susceptibility of Blastocystis hominis isolated from patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Br J Biomed Sci. 2004;61(2):75-7. PMID: 15250669

BJMP 2013;6(1):a608

3 Roberts et al. Update on the pathogenic potential and treatment options for Blastocystis sp. Gut Pathog. 2014; 6:7

4 Baron S. Medical Microbiology 4th Edition. University of Texas Medical Branch. Galveston. ISBN: 0-9631172-1-1. 1996.

5 Qadri SM, al-Okaili GA, and al-Dayel F. Clinical significance of Blastocystis hominis. J Clin Microbiol. 1989 Nov;27(11):2407-9.

6 Windsor JJ. B. hominis and D. fragilis: Neglected human protozoa. The Biomedical Scientist. July 2007:524–527.

7 Yakoob J, Jafri W, Beg MA, et al. Blastocystis hominis and Dientamoeba fragilis in patients fulfilling irritable bowel syndrome criteria. Parasitol Res. 2010 Aug;107(3):679-84. doi: 10.1007/s00436-010-1918-7. Epub 2010 Jun 8.

8 Yakoob J, Jafri W, Jafri N, Islam M, and Asim Beg M. In vitro susceptibility of Blastocystis hominis isolated from patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Br J Biomed Sci. 2004;61(2):75-7. PMID: 15250669

9 Stark D, van Hal S, Marriott D, Ellis J, Harkness J. Irritable bowel syndrome: a review on the role of intestinal protozoa and the importance of their detection and diagnosis. Int J Parasitol. 2007 Jan;37(1):11-20. Epub 2006 Oct 12.

10 Grossman I, Weiss LM, Simon D, Tanowitz HB, Wittner M. Blastocystis hominis in hospital employees. Am J. Gastroenterology 1992 June;87(6):729-32.

11 Charles H. Zierdt. Blastocystis hominis – Past and Future. Clinical Micro. Reviews. Jan 1991, p. 61-79.

12 Stenzel DJ and Boreham PF. Blastocystis hominis revisited. Clinical Micro. Reviews. Oct. 1996, Vol. 9, No. 4. p. 563–584

13 Lee, et al., Trends in Intestinal Parasitology Part II – Commonly Reported Parasites and Therapeutics. Practical Gastroenterology Vol XV1 No 10.

Are you ready for the bug boom?

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Last month saw Dr Omar Amin, a world-renowned parasitologist, founder of the Parasitology Center Inc, Arizona (PCI) and author of over 180 articles and books on human and animal parasites, visit London.

Dr Amin presented a two-day seminar, Understanding Parasites, on behalf of Parasite Testing Europe (PCI Europe) and in collaboration with Integrative Health Education. The event was attended by nutritionists, doctors, naturopaths, colon hydrotherapists and physiologists.

Dr Amin’s seminar started with an introduction to the world of parasites, the procedures at PCI and the common misdiagnoses and mistreatments encountered by practitioners.

According to PCI test results parasites are proliferating, with 32% of the American and European populations being infected. Dr Amin’s estimates, however, are closer to 50%, meaning that one in two of the general population has a parasitic infection that could result in wide-ranging symptoms and a variety of health consequences. Practitioners learnt that not all tests deliver reliable results and that analysis by experienced lab technicians is key.

Most practitioners recognise that parasitic infections disrupt digestion, causing IBS and colitis symptoms such as diarrhoea, cramps, bloating, flatulence, nutrient malabsorption and headaches. However, Dr Amin emphasised that skin problems, such as dermatitis, are also common due to the toxic allergenic nature of the parasite’s metabolic byproducts. Fatigue and insomnia often occur as some parasites are active at night.

The presented cases demonstrated that infections do not only occur in third world areas as is commonly perceived. People travelling to popular holiday destinations such as Mexico, Thailand and Turkey were at higher risk, especially if exposed to contaminated water, unwashed produce, uncooked meat or skin contact with insects. Everywhere, though, danger is present if there is poor hygiene, contact with contaminated pets, or even barefoot walking. Therefore, Dr Amin advised to always use appropriate tests if digestive symptoms or skin disorders manifest and especially if patients have a history of travel, often eat out or handle food.

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The first day finished with an analytical review of patients’ sample tests, provided by PCI Europe (parasitetesting.co.uk) which performs the most accurate, comprehensive parasite, fungus and bacteria stool analyses in Europe. Dr Amin follows a strict control as he has seen other lab results showing misdiagnosed parasite infections, either from misinterpretation or unfamiliarity with parasite types. The importance of sample analysis by lab technicians specially trained in identifying parasites from all seven continents was emphasised.

He showed how undigested plant tissues could be mistaken for parasites, such as tomato skins for tapeworms. His knowledge also helped him create The Freedom Cleanse Restore regime – an anti-parasitic, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal botanical remedy that defends and cleanses the body of toxins and pathogens while promoting regularity and tissue repair.

The second day started with a view of PCI patients who over the years had gastrointestinal symptoms but after testing were free of parasite infection. These cases were explained by pathogenic bacteria being present in the gastrointestinal system, such as E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter, Candida and H. pylori, amongst others. Dr Amin found Klebsiella to be the most common in the UK, leading to diarrhoea, cystitis, pneumonia and prostatitis. Often transmitted in hospitals among low-immunity patients, Klebsiella was linked with autoimmune diseases such as Ankylosing Spondylitis and Myasthenia Gravis.

Dr Amin noted its antibiotics resistance – common among other bacteria, which is why PCI’s tests show bacterial sensitivity and resistance for treatment purposes. The link between Candida and autistic children was also covered with a warning that in the presence of mercury fillings, Candida shouldn’t be treated as it metabolises the heavy metal.
Dental materials exposure was then introduced by analysing Morgellons (Neuro-cutaneous Syndrome; NCS) – a new neurological and dermatological disorder caused by incompatible dental materials. It is characterised by neurological (pin-prick) sensations similar to those caused by parasites, pain, anxiety, depleted energy, memory loss and itchy cutaneous lesion and is often misdiagnosed as ‘delusional parasitosis’.

Dr Amin presented over 20 cases, showing components in the calcium materials, along with zinc oxide and titanium, amongst others, as sources of the symptoms. He advised practitioners to thoroughly examine patients’ dental history and photograph skin symptoms which they can compare to PCI’s case histories and use the Morgellons assessment questionnaire on the PCI website. A new NCS test is also available to European practitioners via PCI Europe.

The event finished with a question-and-answer session with Dr Amin which will soon be available on PCI Europe and Integrative Health Education’s social media channels. Due to the huge interest in the information, there will be a film of the seminar available to purchase after 20th July. Practitioners can now pre-order via Integrative Health Education.

Practitioners can also register for trade test prices with PCI Europe (parasitetesting.co.uk) while those looking to take their CPD further can join the IHE’s most popular courses – Holistic Approaches to a Fully Functional Gut and The World of Parasites, Fungus and Bacteria (BANT accredited) in October and November, both taught by Emma Lane – a leading expert in digestive health who specialises in pathogens. Early bookings are recommended!

A postcard from Arizona

As well as founding Integrative Health Education, Emma Lane is also the Director of Parasite Testing Europe (PCI Europe). PCI Europe is the exclusive European distributor for the parasite, fungus and bacteria tests produced and analysed by the Parasitology Centre Inc., one of the world’s leading parasite testing centres.

PCI Europe gives health practitioners in the UK and Europe access to a comprehensive range of PCI tests. PCI can detect up to 80% more parasites, fungus and bacteria than standard lab tests because their lab technicians are specialists, trained to detect and diagnose parasites from all seven continents.

At a recent week-long visit to Arizona, Emma was privileged to spend a lot of time with the PCI team and she also went to the Nogales Laboratory in Mexico where the bacteria test are prepared and analysed.

Time in the lab

Emma watched PCI’s highly qualified lab technicians at work, preparing samples for analysis. PCI retains samples which are particularly unusual or interesting for reference and Emma spent many hours, alongside Dr Amin, looking at a varied selection of these bacterial, fungal and parasitic samples. This kind of research helps to ensure she is one of the most informed naturopaths in the UK.

Groundbreaking research

Emma also spent a lot of time with Dr Omar Amin to discuss his Morgellons research and the toxicity disorder Neuro-cutaneous Syndrome (NCS) which presents similar symptoms to some parasitic infections. Dr Amin has been working with NCS patients for over 15 years and has published many articles about his research in scientific publications. This groundbreaking approach has gained attention from the medical profession all over the world and PCI Europe is very proud to be associated with Dr Amin and his research.

Mexico!

The second part of Emma’s visit was spent in Mexico where the Nogales laboratory is located. Here she spent more time talking to the lab technicians, who are all experts in their field. PCI employs specialists to prepare and analyse the test samples and because of this they are able to diagnose many more infections than other, less specialised labs can.

Meet the team

Emma met several key people including Dr Jesus Jimenez Salazar, the Nogales Laboratory Director and owner. He analyses and diagnoses all swab cultures and H. pylori tests for PCI.

Emma also met Edna Nohemi Arvizu, the Clinical Manager, known as Mimi. Mimi manages the operations of the lab and she also processes specimens and performs technical procedures.

Back in Arizona Emma spent time with Ron Mann, who is a clinical and research microbiologist. Ron is a top veteran parasitologist with over 40 years’ experience in clinical and bench top parasitology and microbiology.

This trip was also an opportunity for Emma to spend more time with Karim Amin, the Managing Director of PCI. Karim studied diagnostic microbiology under the tutelage of Dr Omar Amin for 13 years and he plays an essential role in the business. Karim oversees the organisation’s day-to-day business operations and is also responsible for global business development. It’s safe to say that nothing happens in PCI without Karim being involved!

Scott Mason, who is PCI’s Office Manager, is also another important person in the PCI organisation. He has been with the company for over four years and as well as assisting Dr Amin, he is in constant contact with patients and doctors and he oversees the running of the laboratory.

Emma was also very interested to meet Ben Smith, a PCI Laboratory Assistant and specimen processor. He receives and processes specimens for Dr Amin to analyse, inputs patient data and ensures patients receive the correct tests and their FREEDOM CLEANSE RESTORE remedy.

Expert Q&A

Emma also filmed a Q&A session with Dr Amin and the parasitology professor answered questions sent in from practitioners who have taken the Integrative Health Education World Of Parasites, Fungus & Bacteria course or who are already using the PCI tests in their practices. The resulting films and Q&As will be available for review very soon.

Time out

It wasn’t all work for Emma though. The Arizona laboratory is on the edge of the Sonoran Desert and, guided by Dr Amin, Emma was able to explore the area. Here she found Giant Saguaro cacti, some over 2000 years old and still contain bullet holes from the Civil War in the 1860s. The Giant Saguaro cacti, the largest in the world, can grow to over 50ft in height and are unique to this area.

Dr Amin proved himself once again to be a generous host and Emma enjoyed some memorable meals and of course there was a little time for shopping too. Emma bought some great tequila…well, when in Mexico….!

Want to learn more about parasites from a world-leading expert and have the opportunity to have your questions answered by Dr Amin?

Exclusive seminars from world-leading parasitology professor
Dr Amin will be discussing the world of parasites in more detail at the Understanding Parasites seminar series, hosted exclusively by PCI Europe and Integrative Health Education.

Understanding Parasites
4th – 5th July 2015
Honourable Artillery Company, London
Two day ticket: £125
Single day ticket: £80
www.integrativehealth.co.uk
email courses@integrativehealth.co.uk or call +44 (0) 1924 242 851

Parasite Q&A with Dr Amin

Emma Lane recently visited Parasitology Centre Incorporated in Arizona, USA to spend time with world-renown parasitologist, Dr Amin. She was able to review the testing process in more detail and meet with the lab’s highly trained and specialised lab technicians.

Emma also asked Dr Amin a number of questions about parasites which had been sent in from practitioners who have attended Emma’s World of Parasites, Fungus & Bacteria training course or via the PCI Europe website.

Q: Is it common to get nausea while taking Freedom Cleanse Restore and should you stop using it if you experience that symptom?

Dr Amin: Any symptom like nausea or related symptoms can occur depending on what other issues are going on, aside from the patient’s parasite issue.

So you need to examine what is happening systemically with the person that is taking the Freedom Cleanse Restore remedy to decide what else is going, but the remedy itself does not cause nausea.

Q: What foods, if any, does Dr Amin recommend avoiding whilst doing the cleanse?

Dr Amin: Instead of listing what to avoid, I’d like to say something about what is recommended. We have found in our experience that the Mediterranean diet is the best thing to follow with the remedy

Many of the herbs used in the remedy come from the Mediterranean area and there is no limit on the length of time used. This makes Freedom Cleanse, Restore very unique and many of the ingredients used are not found in other remedies that are available on the market today.

Q: I would like to know if it’s true that 90% of the world’s population has a parasite and / or fungal infection.

Dr Amin: I would not be surprised if there were some pockets in the world populations which are heavily exposed to parasite infections that could show 90% infection rates.

One result suggest that at least 32% of populations in United States and Europe, in cross-sectional studies, are infected with parasites but those are only the ones who get to be tested. There are many people that have parasites who do not get to be tested. Our estimates are closer to 50%, on average, one in two people will have a parasite, some will have a serious pathological impact, and some will have minor impact.

Q: Do you believe parasite infections are due to poor diet and lifestyle factors and are these factors the leading cause for most chronic diseases?

Dr Amin: Parasite infection is a by-product of the relationship between the parasite, the host and the environment. If a patient is susceptible, perhaps because of fatigue or chronic issues outside the parasite issue, they will be more susceptible to contract a parasite infection or it can be more readily established. If a patient is more immune competent and does not have those deleterious factors they will be much more resistant to the same parasite infection at the same dose.

Q: I’d like details on what pathological amounts of bacteria are, compared with normal levels, how these are determined and whether it is possible to find out the degree of pathology.

Trichuris trichuraDr Amin: The answer is simple as there is no such thing as pathological amounts because in some cases just very small amounts of certain bacteria can cause a serious infection and in some other cases it takes a large amount of organisms to cause similar symptoms from another infection.

The important thing is to be able to define what infections there are and that is what the sensitivity test results are based on.

Every species has its own dose that is sufficient to cause a serious infection and do not forget that in the parasite / human relationship it mostly also depends on the patient’s susceptibility. Some people will be susceptible to small doses and others are very resilient to larger doses so the factor of the host resilience and susceptibility is more important. You cannot ignore the host factors.

Q: Any details on Klebsiella bacteria and its association with inflammatory disorders?

Dr Amin: Well all bacterial infections will cause inflammatory disorders because basically when you have an acute infection it’s going to cause inflammation. The inflammation is a by-product of the white blood cells rushing to the infection site, this will cause a collection of body fluids and blood which will cause inflammation. Most chronic diseases are diseases of an inflammatory nature.

Q: I’d love to know more about treating babies who can’t swallow pills or struggle to take bitter tasting tonics.

Dr Amin: Babies should not be treated with anything, because that is well beyond our call of duty. The younger the child is, the faster the metabolic rate is, the faster to accumulate or metabolise remedies that could be too strong for them.

So as a rule the Freedom Cleanse Restore is not recommend for children less than 4 years old and if they are above 4 years old and of good girth they can take the remedy in smaller doses and also with an increased amount of time between doses. This must be taken on a case-by-case basis but generally you want to avoid giving any remedy, herbal or antibiotic, to any child under 4 years old.

Q: Do parasites travel across the placenta during pregnancy?

Dr Amin: Some parasites do and that can cause congenital problems and some parasites don’t. It varies and depends on what parasite we are talking about.

Q: I’d like to hear Dr Amin’s opinion on the emergence of these bio-frequency machines that claim to detect parasite infections.

Dr Amin: I have seen a few different bio-frequency machines and none of them impressed me, because the frequency picked up by the machines can be tagged to anything, even physical abnormalities, dysfunctions by the organ systems or toxicity issues but they are not biologically tagged to specific species even if this is claimed, so I cannot trust them.

Want to learn more about parasites from a world-leading expert and have the opportunity to have your questions answered by Dr Amin?

Exclusive seminars from world-leading parasitology professor
Dr Amin will be discussing the world of parasites in more detail at the Understanding Parasites seminar series, hosted exclusively by PCI Europe and Integrative Health Education.

Understanding Parasites
4th – 5th July 2015
Honourable Artillery Company, London
Two day ticket: £125
Single day ticket: £80
www.integrativehealth.co.uk
email courses@integrativehealth.co.uk or call +44 (0) 1924 242 851

Regarding bacteriology and bacterial pathogens

In observations of many (Parasitology Center, Inc. (PCI) patients over the years, we noted that many people experienced gastrointestinal symptoms but no parasites were detected from fecal samples provided. These cases were explained as possibly relating to “other pathogenic organisms, ex., pathogenic bacteria, that can cause symptoms comparable to those produced by typical parasites.”

In our cross-sectional study of 5,792 fecal specimens from 2,896 patients in 48 states and the District of Columbia, 32% were found positive for protozoan and helminth parasites during the year 2000. This prevalence rate was consistent in a number of subsequent PCI studies. The most common parasites, in order of prevalence, were Blastocystis hominis, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Entamoeba spp.

A sizable proportion of patients without infections, nevertheless, exhibited gastrointestinal symptoms, including but not limited to, diarrhea, constipation and abdominal cramps, similar to those observed in patients infected with parasites. Those patients were unaccounted for in terms of causation. We later verified the original assumption of involvement of other infections, documented the identity of bacterial agents involved in the gastrointestinal symptomology in patients proven to have had no intestinal parasites, and provided the results of sensitivity and resistance tests for treatment purposes.

The gastrointestinal symptoms in those parasite free patients can now be explained by the pathogenic bacteria documented for each case, including but not limited to, E. coli, Klebsiella spp. Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp. Serratia spp., Citrobacter spp., and H. pylori, among others. Other studies show that IBS associated with abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea is caused by pathogenic intestinal bacteria. Associated skin manifestations may show infections with various species of Staphylococcus, among other cutaneous bacterial infections.

Dr Amin’s latest article on bacteriology and bacterial pathogens, published in the Journal of Bacteriology and Parasitology can be read here.

Exclusive seminars from world-leading parasitology professor
Dr Amin will be discussing bacteriology and bacterial pathogens in more detail at the Understanding Parasites seminar series, hosted exclusively by PCI Europe and Integrative Health Education.

Understanding Parasites
4th – 5th July 2015
Honourable Artillery Company, London
Two day ticket: £125
Single day ticket: £80
www.integrativehealth.co.uk
Email: courses@integrativehealth.co.uk or call +44 (0) 1924 242 851

Regarding Neurocutaneous Syndrome (NCS) and Morgellons Diseases

There is ample literature describing the reported symptoms of delusional parasitosis (related to Morgellons) cases that characterise patients as psychiatric patients. Judging by our experience with over 1000 “delusionary” patients that we have seen at the Parasitology Center, Inc. (PCI) in Arizona over the last few years, however, the above reported “delusionary” cases appear to be cases of Neuro-cutaneous Syndrome (NCS).

NCS is a toxicity disorder related to Morgellons disease, caused mostly by intimate exposure to incompatible chemicals, especially dental materials. Other toxic exposures are occasionally involved. Proponents of the delusional parasitosis convention do not appear to have stopped to ask the following question: what if the main symptoms of crawling and pin-pricking declared by “delusional” patients are real; just misinterpreted as parasite movement. We have asked that question, and during 15 years of research, we have come up with an alternative explanation that works.

We have concluded that the symptoms of crawling and pin-pricking confused with “delusionary parasitosis” are caused by toxicity from exposure to chemicals incompatible with the host immune system, for example, dental materials that alter the propagation of normal nerve impulses. We also conclude that external parasites/organisms including springtails (Collembola), other arthropods, bacteria, and fungi represent only opportunistic infections of skin sites compromised by the toxicity disorder involving the elimination of toxins through the skin.

We have described a new pathological disorder, Neuro-cutaneous Syndrome (NCS) to which justified “delusional parasitosis” and Morgellons disease cases could be assigned. We have developed a protocol for the resolution of the symptoms of NCS cases. When followed to the letter, all symptoms of NCS, conventionally and conveniently called delusional parasitosis, are invariably and irreversibly resolved.

Dr Amin’s most recent article on NCS, published in Clinical Microbiology & Case Reports can be read here.

Exclusive seminars from world-leading parasitology professor
Dr Amin will be discussing Neurocutaneous Syndrome (NCS) and Morgellons Disease in more detail at the Understanding Parasites seminar series, hosted exclusively by PCI Europe and Integrative Health Education.

Understanding Parasites
4th – 5th July 2015
Honourable Artillery Company, London
Two day ticket: £125
Single day ticket: £80
www.integrativehealth.co.uk
Email: courses@integrativehealth.co.uk or call +44 (0) 1924 242 851

Perspectives on Parasitology

A series of articles by Omar M. Amin, M. Sc., Ph. D., D. N. M.

Relationships in parasitology and gestalt¹

My personal perspectives about parasitology are not much different to my perspectives on jogging, swimming, painting, playing music and writing. It is always a journey or hobby that brings meditative inner-consciousness together with correct action.

Recognising the temporal and spatial relationships between parasitic infections and physical and psychological trauma is parasitology viewed through a “gestaltic perspective”. Those relationships may, in many cases, be operative at the sub-clinical level since early childhood years. Progressive or sudden overt disease may occur later on in life. The reactivation of infection is usually associated with depressed immune status. Age, hormonal changes and physical or psychological stresses are important contributors to immune system suppression. Compromised immunity in adults renders the body wide open for many opportunistic infections that may become established in the adult stage and not only during earlier years of life.

Inter-relationships of this nature have not been the usual preoccupation of the traditional scientific or academic community. Rare exceptions, however, exist. The impact of major parasitic diseases on the immune system, as well as the subsequent effects of the latter on other parasitic infections, have been recently considered by Kirszenbaum (Parasitic Infections And The Immune System). Short term studies on the direct impact of acute parasitic infections on human or animal health are, however, more frequently reported in the literature. In addition, the inter-relationship between host immune system and concurrent parasitic infections needs to be more seriously considered. For instance, suppressed cell mediated immunity in patients with invasive amebiasis makes it possible for the opportunistic Candida albicans to develop frequently in those patients.

My particular interest in “holistic parasitology” is one facet of my overall philosophy on relationships which has its roots in Zen Buddhism. We have come of late to recognise that it is not the nature of the beast that matters but rather how that beast interacts with other beasts. Observe for instance the working relationships in quantum mechanics.

Einstein recognized the nature of atomic behavior and relationships as did Heisenberg in his initial work on the Principle of Uncertainty, (see Fritj or Capra) for interesting perspectives on these concepts. Capra (The Tao of Physics) also coined this paradigm shift in physics in his eloquent exposition of the relationship between physics and Taoism. Paradigm shifts have also been recently recognised in such fields as psychiatry, diplomacy and health care.

Few in the clinical field recognise that a malfunctioning organ does not exist in a void but also interacts with the total physical, mental, emotional and intuitive entities of the patient. While parasites can adversely impact their host’s immunity, a compromised immune system often issues an open invitation for increased parasitic invasion and invasiveness. In my practice in the Phoenix/Scottsdale area, those relationships, for example, between chronic fatigue and parasitic infection, were clearly evident. In immune compromised patients, certain intestinal parasites, for example, Blastocystis hominis, were observed to be associated with marked gastro-enteric symptoms. Immune competent patients may not experience such pathologies.

Health is an expression of balance between one’s physical, mental, emotional and spiritual entities; see Ouspensky’s In Search of the Miraculous. When that balance is disturbed by pressures, for example in the case of acute or chronic parasitic infections and/or non-physical factors, it needs to be restored. Homeopathic physicians understand these relationships. They also respect parasites. I now realise why I developed such an appreciation for this community of practitioners. To me, it is the 21st century expression of what I always related to intuitively, in other words, the native doctor of the tribal culture in Central Africa that understood and dealt with the body and soul of his patient as one. I have been trained to research and publish in medically credible scientific journals with readerships not extending beyond the specialised professionals. One of the major features of the new paradigm shift in the sciences is the enlargement of the scope of coverage and treatment to address the non-specialised professional and the public. See for example recent popular works by Steven Hawking, for example, A Brief History of Time.

Certain relationships in the parasitological field need to be more fully explored, e.g. those between parasitic infections and host physical-mental-emotional states as well as environmental variables. The latter include direct or indirect animate (human, wildlife, or domestic animals) and inanimate sources. Here, one should stress again the fact that behavior of the same parasite species will not be the same depending on host innate and external variables.

Exclusive seminars from world-leading parasitology professor
Dr Amin will be discussing the world of parasites in more detail at the Understanding Parasites seminar series, hosted exclusively by PCI Europe and Integrative Health Education.

Understanding Parasites
4th – 5th July 2015
Honourable Artillery Company, London
Two day ticket: £125
Single day ticket: £80
www.integrativehealth.co.uk
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